What is Intellectual Disability?

Intellectual disability is a lifelong condition that affects a person’s cognitive abilities and behaviour in various situations. It may involve difficulties with reasoning, problem-solving, planning, abstract thinking, academic learning, judgement, and learning from experience.

Causes of Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability can be present from birth or acquired before the age of 18. Its severity can vary greatly, and it can be caused by a range of factors. Some of the most common causes include:

• Down Syndrome
• Fragile X Syndrome
• Prader-Willi Syndrome
• Rett Syndrome
• Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder
• Premature birth
• Childhood brain injury

Additionally, many people with intellectual disabilities also experience other conditions, such as speech, hearing, or physical disabilities, autism, or mental health challenges.

What is essential to remember is that people with intellectual disabilities share the same feelings, rights, and aspirations as everyone else. Their condition does not define who they are, how they should be treated, or how they want to live their lives.

Diagnosing Intellectual Disability

Intellectual disability is typically diagnosed in children under 18 by a clinical psychologist or psychiatrist. Diagnosis often involves:

• IQ testing
• Adaptive behaviour assessments

These evaluations usually take place in early childhood if developmental delays are noticed. However, in some cases, intellectual disabilities may go undiagnosed during childhood, creating barriers to accessing vital services and support.

Support for People with Intellectual Disability in Australia

A diagnosis helps people access essential government services such as the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and the Disability Support Pension. For instance, individuals with an IQ below 70 are automatically eligible for the Disability Support Pension. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial in ensuring access to the appropriate support systems.

What is Person-Centred Care?

Person-centred care acknowledges that every individual with an intellectual disability is unique. Some may live independently with occasional support, while others may require assistance in many areas of life. The key is to ensure the person’s voice is heard and respected, with support that aligns with their preferences, needs, values, and goals.

Support may include assistance with:

• Daily activities
• Communication
• Social interaction
• Problem-solving
• Self-care
• Reading and writing
• Financial management
• Navigating government systems

With the right support and advocacy, people with intellectual disabilities can voice their goals and live fulfilling, meaningful lives.

How Ability Assist Supports People with Intellectual Disability

At Ability Assist, our passionate and caring team is dedicated to making a difference in the lives of individuals with intellectual disabilities. We focus on promoting independence, building skills, and enhancing quality of life. As a trusted NDIS provider in Melbourne for over 30 years, we offer a wide range of tailored, person-centred services for people of all ages with disabilities or complex care needs.

We are committed to helping people with intellectual disabilities achieve fuller, happier, and more meaningful lives. Contact our friendly, local team to find out more.